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	<title>Comments on: Does Elohim include Heavenly Mother?</title>
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	<link>http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/</link>
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		<title>By: Kiskilili</title>
		<link>http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-63672</link>
		<dc:creator>Kiskilili</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 23 Apr 2011 19:40:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-63672</guid>
		<description>But we&#039;re not talking here about what God is. We&#039;re talking about what the authors of the HB understood God to be.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>But we&#8217;re not talking here about what God is. We&#8217;re talking about what the authors of the HB understood God to be.</p>
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		<title>By: Dwayne Campbell</title>
		<link>http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-63671</link>
		<dc:creator>Dwayne Campbell</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 23 Apr 2011 19:08:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-63671</guid>
		<description>Look, very simple, when has there ever been a father without a wife (woman)? When has there ever been a daughter or son without a father/mother? God&#039;s pattern on this earth is patterned after the example in Heaven. Nothing else makes any sense.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Look, very simple, when has there ever been a father without a wife (woman)? When has there ever been a daughter or son without a father/mother? God&#8217;s pattern on this earth is patterned after the example in Heaven. Nothing else makes any sense.</p>
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		<title>By: Kiskilili</title>
		<link>http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-53454</link>
		<dc:creator>Kiskilili</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 09 May 2009 14:20:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-53454</guid>
		<description>It&#039;s a good suggestion, actually, Amber, and one that scholars have made--so you&#039;re in good company. Or dubious company, depending on your perspective. :)  If God is so much bigger and better than we are, why shouldn&#039;t his designation take a morphologically plural form?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s a good suggestion, actually, Amber, and one that scholars have made&#8211;so you&#8217;re in good company. Or dubious company, depending on your perspective. <img src='http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' />   If God is so much bigger and better than we are, why shouldn&#8217;t his designation take a morphologically plural form?</p>
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		<title>By: Amber</title>
		<link>http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-53450</link>
		<dc:creator>Amber</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 09 May 2009 08:43:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-53450</guid>
		<description>Ugh. I&#039;m probably far too out of my depth to even ask this question, but... could it be something similar to the &quot;Royal We&quot;, a plural used to indicate someone&#039;s importance? I don&#039;t know how often that happens in languages, but I know English isn&#039;t the only one. Just a thought.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ugh. I&#8217;m probably far too out of my depth to even ask this question, but&#8230; could it be something similar to the &#8220;Royal We&#8221;, a plural used to indicate someone&#8217;s importance? I don&#8217;t know how often that happens in languages, but I know English isn&#8217;t the only one. Just a thought.</p>
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		<title>By: Jon</title>
		<link>http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-45621</link>
		<dc:creator>Jon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2008 19:05:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-45621</guid>
		<description>The answer to why God is referred to as &quot;Gods&quot; in the Bible is found in the Bible.

In Genesis 1:26-27 we find the answer.  God said &quot;Let us make man in our image, our likeness..&quot;

Then in verse 27, we see how many images God made in their image.  They made male and female.  Therefore, God must have a male and a female image.

How can God say that they made mankind in their image, male and female, if God didn&#039;t exist in the male and female form?

Can you make a copy of something without the original?

We call the male image of God, God the Father.  We are also called the children of God.  Then what should we call the female image of God?  God the Mother of course.

God the Mother is the last secret of the Bible that has been revealed in these last days by our Father, second coming Christ.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The answer to why God is referred to as &#8220;Gods&#8221; in the Bible is found in the Bible.</p>
<p>In Genesis 1:26-27 we find the answer.  God said &#8220;Let us make man in our image, our likeness..&#8221;</p>
<p>Then in verse 27, we see how many images God made in their image.  They made male and female.  Therefore, God must have a male and a female image.</p>
<p>How can God say that they made mankind in their image, male and female, if God didn&#8217;t exist in the male and female form?</p>
<p>Can you make a copy of something without the original?</p>
<p>We call the male image of God, God the Father.  We are also called the children of God.  Then what should we call the female image of God?  God the Mother of course.</p>
<p>God the Mother is the last secret of the Bible that has been revealed in these last days by our Father, second coming Christ.</p>
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		<title>By: Seth R.</title>
		<link>http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-39256</link>
		<dc:creator>Seth R.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 Jan 2008 15:43:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-39256</guid>
		<description>Sorry to post on an old topic, but things seems slow here, so...

My wife had an interesting thought on this topic. She suggested that perhaps the Holy Ghost is the &quot;firstborn&quot; spirit daughter of God the Father, just as Christ is the firstborn spirit son.

Of course, this may seem a bit alien to us when we remember scriptures about how Mary conceived Jesus through the Holy Ghost in some fashion.

Pure speculation.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sorry to post on an old topic, but things seems slow here, so&#8230;</p>
<p>My wife had an interesting thought on this topic. She suggested that perhaps the Holy Ghost is the &#8220;firstborn&#8221; spirit daughter of God the Father, just as Christ is the firstborn spirit son.</p>
<p>Of course, this may seem a bit alien to us when we remember scriptures about how Mary conceived Jesus through the Holy Ghost in some fashion.</p>
<p>Pure speculation.</p>
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		<title>By: cadams</title>
		<link>http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-38688</link>
		<dc:creator>cadams</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Nov 2007 22:53:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-38688</guid>
		<description>The closest thing to a Mother that I know of in the scriptures is Moses 7:48.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The closest thing to a Mother that I know of in the scriptures is Moses 7:48.</p>
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		<title>By: Kevin Barney</title>
		<link>http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-38672</link>
		<dc:creator>Kevin Barney</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Nov 2007 16:37:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-38672</guid>
		<description>I don&#039;t know that I&#039;ve ever heard the idea that Elohim should be read as referring to a divine couple.  The more common form of this I&#039;m familiar with in Mormon thought is the one Rosalynde gives.  Anyway, for my comments on the word Elohim see pp. 112--13 of my &quot;Examining Six Key Concepts in Joseph Smith&#039;s Understanding of Genesis 1:1,&quot; &lt;em&gt;BYU Studies &lt;/em&gt;39/3, &lt;a href=&quot;http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/byustudies&amp;CISOPTR=4435&amp;REC=4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I don&#8217;t know that I&#8217;ve ever heard the idea that Elohim should be read as referring to a divine couple.  The more common form of this I&#8217;m familiar with in Mormon thought is the one Rosalynde gives.  Anyway, for my comments on the word Elohim see pp. 112&#8211;13 of my &#8220;Examining Six Key Concepts in Joseph Smith&#8217;s Understanding of Genesis 1:1,&#8221; <em>BYU Studies </em>39/3, <a href="http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/byustudies&amp;CISOPTR=4435&amp;REC=4" rel="nofollow">here</a>.</p>
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		<title>By: Kiskilili</title>
		<link>http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-38671</link>
		<dc:creator>Kiskilili</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Nov 2007 15:37:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-38671</guid>
		<description>Thanks, Jessawhy! Like you, I encounter this idea--that Elohim includes Heavenly Mother--frequently, although my perspective is skewed by (a) my participation on blogs (not necessarily representative of mainstream Mormon thought), and (b) my tendency to read posts on gender.

Hi again, Petra! Thanks for giving me a linguist&#039;s perspective. :) I think we&#039;re basically in agreement--like you, I think a grammatical morpheme (in this case the plural ending  &quot;-im&quot;) is far too slender a thread from which to hang a theological proposition. (Sumerian, for example, apparently like Indonesian, has no grammatical gender whatever, and no basic plural morpheme, although this surely did not inhibit speakers&#039; ability to observe sex differences or to count higher than one.)

But I do think it&#039;s significant to our discussion of ancient Israelite religion that, in verbs, adjectives, pronouns, and nouns in apposition to &quot;Elohim,&quot; God is almost always masculine and singular. Everyone else in the Bible who is animate, masculine, and singular is an individual male creature, so this seems at least like a good starting point in attempting to understand how ancient Israelites conceived of their God, even though it does not entirely take the unexpected plural morpheme into account. I&#039;m also suspicious of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in rigid formulation, but obviously language bears some relation to thought or it&#039;s not meaningful; it&#039;s surely of significance whether we refer to a baby as a &quot;she&quot; or an &quot;it,&quot; for example. Israel&#039;s God is a &quot;he&quot; and not a &quot;they.&quot;

Of course, it&#039;s much easier to argue what it does not indicate, as I&#039;ve done here, than what it actually does indicate! As to extrapolating theological conclusions: I&#039;m already convinced most of our beliefs do not flow naturally from our scriptures, &lt;em&gt;least&lt;/em&gt; of all the OT. Certainly what the OT claims about God doesn&#039;t preclude a Heavenly Mother; I just don&#039;t think it provides solid evidence for it. (I&#039;m setting aside for the moment textual and archaeological evidence of goddess worship, which problably deserves a post of its own, simply because I don&#039;t think on the linguistic level Elohim includes a goddess.)

(Hmm--I don&#039;t know enough to be sure when the dual morpheme stopped being productive in the history of Hebrew. What little I know: our earliest epigraphic Hebrew dates to about 1000 BCE, and the earliest texts of the Bible like Exodus 15 might date slightly earlier--to 1200 BCE or so. Proto-Northwest Semitic definitely had a productive dual, as did Ugaritic in about 1300-1200 BCE. Of course, these languages don&#039;t indicate vowels for the most part, so the evidence might not be entirely clear?--in unpointed biblical Hebrew the dual and plural look the same. But the dual in Hebrew is a triphthongization of a Proto-Semitic diphthong that monophthongized in the northern dialect, resulting in characteristic spellings without a &lt;em&gt;mater lectionis&lt;/em&gt;, so potentially a northern spelling might indicate a distinction between plural and dual (or not)? That of course wouldn&#039;t give us unequivocal evidence for what was happening in the south. Drat--I wish I were taking epigraphic Hebrew.)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks, Jessawhy! Like you, I encounter this idea&#8211;that Elohim includes Heavenly Mother&#8211;frequently, although my perspective is skewed by (a) my participation on blogs (not necessarily representative of mainstream Mormon thought), and (b) my tendency to read posts on gender.</p>
<p>Hi again, Petra! Thanks for giving me a linguist&#8217;s perspective. <img src='http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' />  I think we&#8217;re basically in agreement&#8211;like you, I think a grammatical morpheme (in this case the plural ending  &#8220;-im&#8221;) is far too slender a thread from which to hang a theological proposition. (Sumerian, for example, apparently like Indonesian, has no grammatical gender whatever, and no basic plural morpheme, although this surely did not inhibit speakers&#8217; ability to observe sex differences or to count higher than one.)</p>
<p>But I do think it&#8217;s significant to our discussion of ancient Israelite religion that, in verbs, adjectives, pronouns, and nouns in apposition to &#8220;Elohim,&#8221; God is almost always masculine and singular. Everyone else in the Bible who is animate, masculine, and singular is an individual male creature, so this seems at least like a good starting point in attempting to understand how ancient Israelites conceived of their God, even though it does not entirely take the unexpected plural morpheme into account. I&#8217;m also suspicious of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in rigid formulation, but obviously language bears some relation to thought or it&#8217;s not meaningful; it&#8217;s surely of significance whether we refer to a baby as a &#8220;she&#8221; or an &#8220;it,&#8221; for example. Israel&#8217;s God is a &#8220;he&#8221; and not a &#8220;they.&#8221;</p>
<p>Of course, it&#8217;s much easier to argue what it does not indicate, as I&#8217;ve done here, than what it actually does indicate! As to extrapolating theological conclusions: I&#8217;m already convinced most of our beliefs do not flow naturally from our scriptures, <em>least</em> of all the OT. Certainly what the OT claims about God doesn&#8217;t preclude a Heavenly Mother; I just don&#8217;t think it provides solid evidence for it. (I&#8217;m setting aside for the moment textual and archaeological evidence of goddess worship, which problably deserves a post of its own, simply because I don&#8217;t think on the linguistic level Elohim includes a goddess.)</p>
<p>(Hmm&#8211;I don&#8217;t know enough to be sure when the dual morpheme stopped being productive in the history of Hebrew. What little I know: our earliest epigraphic Hebrew dates to about 1000 BCE, and the earliest texts of the Bible like Exodus 15 might date slightly earlier&#8211;to 1200 BCE or so. Proto-Northwest Semitic definitely had a productive dual, as did Ugaritic in about 1300-1200 BCE. Of course, these languages don&#8217;t indicate vowels for the most part, so the evidence might not be entirely clear?&#8211;in unpointed biblical Hebrew the dual and plural look the same. But the dual in Hebrew is a triphthongization of a Proto-Semitic diphthong that monophthongized in the northern dialect, resulting in characteristic spellings without a <em>mater lectionis</em>, so potentially a northern spelling might indicate a distinction between plural and dual (or not)? That of course wouldn&#8217;t give us unequivocal evidence for what was happening in the south. Drat&#8211;I wish I were taking epigraphic Hebrew.)</p>
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		<title>By: Jessawhy</title>
		<link>http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-38668</link>
		<dc:creator>Jessawhy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Nov 2007 02:25:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/2007/11/08/does-elohim-include-heavenly-mother/#comment-38668</guid>
		<description>Great post, Kiskilli. I&#039;ve wondered about this issue for a while. 
I&#039;ll have to politely disagree with some comments here, though and agree with you that Elohim has been used to refer to God as a couple more often than a council, in my church experience.   I&#039;m not sure I&#039;ve ever heard it used to describe a council, except perhaps in my BYU Pearl of Great Price class.  
Thanks for the interesting discussion of Hebrew nouns and verbs, I&#039;m trying my best to follow it. :)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Great post, Kiskilli. I&#8217;ve wondered about this issue for a while.<br />
I&#8217;ll have to politely disagree with some comments here, though and agree with you that Elohim has been used to refer to God as a couple more often than a council, in my church experience.   I&#8217;m not sure I&#8217;ve ever heard it used to describe a council, except perhaps in my BYU Pearl of Great Price class.<br />
Thanks for the interesting discussion of Hebrew nouns and verbs, I&#8217;m trying my best to follow it. <img src='http://zelophehadsdaughters.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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